Kuva ku ya 7 kugeza ku ya 8 Nzeri, Inama ya Kane y’Inama Njyanama y’Ishami rya Tungsten Inganda rya Hard Alloy, hamwe n’Inama ya Raporo y’Isoko rya Hard Alloy n’Inama ya 13 y’Igihugu ya Hard Alloy Academic, yabereye i Zhuzhou, mu Bushinwa yikurikiranya. Inama ya mbere ni inama isanzwe itegurwa n’ishyirahamwe rikomeye ry’inganda, ibera mu mijyi itandukanye buri mwaka (inama y’umwaka ushize yabereye i Shanghai). Inama ya nyuma iba buri myaka ine kandi ni igikorwa gikomeye cyo guhanahana ubumenyi mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu. Muri buri nama, impuguke zikomeye mu nganda zikora Hard Alloy hirya no hino mu gihugu, ndetse n’abahagarariye ibigo, batangaza ubushakashatsi bwabo buheruka n’ibyo babonye.
Gukora igikorwa gikomeye nk'iki i Zhuzhou ntibitanga gusa urubuga rwo kwagura ibitekerezo n'imitekerereze itandukanye ku bigo byo mu gihugu no mu gihugu, ahubwo binashimangira kandi bishimangira umwanya ukomeye wa Zhuzhou mu rwego rw'inganda zikora ibikoresho bikomeye mu gihugu. "Imyumvire ya Zhuzhou" yashinzwe kandi yavuzwe muri iki gikorwa ikomeje kuyobora intambwe z'inganda no guteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda.
Igipimo cy'inganda zikora ibikoresho bikomeye cyaratangiye kugaragara muri Zhuzhou
"Mu nama ya 2021, ibicuruzwa bishya byagurishijwe mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bikomeye mu gihugu hose byageze kuri miliyari 9.785 z'amayuan, bizamukaho 30.3% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize. Ishoramari ry'umutungo utimukanwa ryari miliyari 1.943 z'amayuan, naho ishoramari ry'ikoranabuhanga (ubushakashatsi) ryari miliyari 1.368 z'amayuan, bizamukaho 29.69% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize..." Abari bahagarariye ishami rya Tungsten Industry Association's Hard Alloy basangiye imibare n'isesengura ry'inganda. Mu bitabiriye inama, abitabiriye bafashe amafoto y'aya makuru y'agaciro bakoresheje telefoni zabo zigendanwa.
Imibare y’amakuru y’inganda zikora ibikoresho bikomeye ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’akazi k’ishami. Kuva ryashingwa mu 1984, iri shyirahamwe ryakomeje gusohora iyi mibare mu gihe cy’imyaka 38. Ni na ryo shami ryonyine rito riri munsi y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za Tungsten mu Bushinwa rifite kandi rigatangaza amakuru y’inganda buri gihe.
Ishami rya Hard Alloy rifitanye isano na Zhuzhou Hard Alloy Group, itsinda rikaba ari ryo riyiyoboye. Zhuzhou ni naho hakorewe imashini ya mbere ikomeye muri Nouvelle-Bushinwa. Kubera iki gikorwa gikomeye, "Hard Alloy Industry Index" yabaye "ikimenyetso" kiranga ububasha n'inganda, bikurura ibigo byinshi by'inganda gutangaza amakuru y'ukuri y'imikorere yabyo buri gihembwe cyangwa buri mwaka.
Imibare igaragaza ko mu gice cya mbere cya 2022, umusaruro w’ingufu zikomeye mu nganda z’igihugu wageze kuri toni 22,983.89, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka bwa 0.2%. Inyungu nyamukuru mu bucuruzi yari miliyari 18.753 z’amayuani, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku kigero cya 17.52%; inyungu zari miliyari 1.648 z’amayuani, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku kigero cya 22.37%. Inganda zikomeje kugumana icyerekezo cyiza cy’iterambere.
Kugeza ubu, ibigo birenga 60 byiteguye gutangaza amakuru, agera kuri 90% by'ubushobozi bw'inganda zikora ibikoresho bikomeye mu gihugu.
Kuva umwaka ushize, ishami ryavuguruye kandi rinoza raporo z’ibarurishamibare, rishyiraho icyitegererezo cy’ibarurishamibare gifatika, gishyizwe mu byiciro bya siyansi, kandi gifatika. Ibikubiye muri iyo raporo byarushijeho kuba byinshi, nko kongeramo ibipimo by’ishyirwa mu byiciro nk’ubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bya tungsten mu nganda ndetse n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu buryo bwuzuye.
Kubona raporo yuzuye ya "Hard Alloy Industry Index" ntibitanga gusa ishusho nyayo y'ibicuruzwa by'ibanze by'ibigo bikomeye, imbaraga za tekiniki, n'udushya, ahubwo binagaragaza cyane uko inganda ziteye. Aya makuru afite agaciro gakomeye ko gushyiraho intambwe zikurikiraho z'ingamba zo guteza imbere ibigo ku giti cyabyo. Bityo, iyi raporo irushaho kwishimirwa n'ibigo by'inganda.
Nk'igipimo n'icyerekezo by'inganda, gutangaza imbonerahamwe z'inganda cyangwa "impapuro z'umweru" bifite akamaro gakomeye mu gusesengura icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'inganda, kuyobora iterambere ry'inganda, no guteza imbere impinduka n'iterambere.
Byongeye kandi, gusobanura byimbitse ibyavuye mu bipimo ngenderwaho n'imigendekere mishya y'inganda, nk'umuyoboro, bishobora kwagura uruziga rw'imibanire no gushyiraho urwego rw'inganda rushingiye ku bipimo ngenderwaho, bigakurura ihuriro ry'imari, ibikoresho, impano, n'ibindi bintu by'ingenzi.
Mu nzego nyinshi no mu turere twinshi, iki gitekerezo cyamaze kugaragara cyane.
Urugero, muri Mata uyu mwaka, Metro ya Guangzhou yayoboye itangazwa rya raporo ya mbere y’inganda zitwara abantu mu buryo bwa gari ya moshi, itanga inama ku iterambere ry’inganda ridafite karuboni nyinshi, rirambye ku bidukikije, ryihuse kandi rifite ireme. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hashingiwe ku guhuza umutungo kamere no guhuza ibikorwa mu nganda, Metro ya Guangzhou yagize uruhare runini mu nganda zitwara abantu mu buryo bwa gari ya moshi ku rwego rw’igihugu.
Urugero rundi ni umujyi wa Wenling mu Ntara ya Zhejiang, uzwi nk'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibirango by'ibikoresho byo gukata kandi niho hashyizwe urutonde rwa mbere rw'"Ikigo cy'Ubucuruzi cy'Ibikoresho byo Gukata Igice cya Mbere mu Bushinwa." Wenling yanashyize ahagaragara urutonde rwa mbere rw'ibipimo by'ibikoresho byo gukata igice, ikoresheje ibipimo mu gusobanura no gusesengura icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'inganda z'ibikoresho byo gukata igihugu n'impinduka z'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa, bigaragaza neza iterambere ry'inganda z'ibikoresho byo gukata imbere mu gihugu.
"Hard Alloy Industry Index," yakozwe i Zhuzhou ikaba igamije igihugu cyose, ishobora gusohoka mu buryo bwagutse mu gihe kizaza. "Ishobora kuzagenda itera imbere muri uru rwego nyuma; ibi ni nabyo ibyo uru ruganda rusaba n'icyerekezo cyarwo. Ariko, ubu ishyirwa ahagaragara gusa mu nganda mu buryo buto," nk'uko byavuzwe n'uhagarariye iyi nkuru.
Si ibipimo gusa ahubwo n'ibipimo ngenderwaho. Kuva mu 2021 kugeza mu 2022, ishami, rifatanyije n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Inganda za Tungsten mu Bushinwa, ryujuje kandi risohora amahame atandatu y'igihugu n'ay'inganda ku byuma bikomeye. Amahame umunani y'igihugu n'ay'inganda arimo gusuzumwa cyangwa ategereje gusohoka, mu gihe amahame cumi n'atatu y'igihugu n'ay'inganda yatanzwe. Muri ayo harimo umushinga w'ishami w'"Imbibi z'Ikoreshwa ry'Ingufu n'Uburyo bwo Kubara ku Bicuruzwa Bikomeye bya Alloy ku Giti Cyawe." Kuri ubu, aya mahame ari mu nzira yo gutangazwa nk'amahame ngenderwaho ku rwego rw'intara kandi biteganijwe ko azakoreshwa ku rwego rw'igihugu umwaka utaha.
Gukoresha amahirwe yo kohereza ubushobozi ku isi
Mu minsi ibiri, impuguke zo mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi, ibigo, n’ibigo, nka Kaminuza ya Zhongnan, Kaminuza y’Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye y’Agaciro n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa, Kaminuza ya Sichuan, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura no gupima ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa bya Tungsten na Rare Earth, Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd., na Zigong Hard Alloy Co., Ltd., zasangije ibitekerezo byazo n’ibiteganijwe mu gihe kizaza ku nganda.
Su Gang, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda za Tungsten mu Bushinwa, yavuze mu kiganiro cye ko uko gutunganya no gukora tungsten ku isi bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho fatizo bya tungsten kizakomeza kuba kinini. Kuri ubu, Ubushinwa ni cyo gihugu cyonyine gifite uruhererekane rwuzuye rw’inganda za tungsten, gifite inyungu zo guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, guhitamo no gutunganya, kandi kirimo gutera imbere mu bikoresho bigezweho, kigana ku nganda zigezweho zo ku rwego rwo hejuru. "Igihe cya 'Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu' kizaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu guhindura inganda za tungsten mu Bushinwa zigana ku iterambere ryiza."
Zhang Zhongjian yabaye Perezida w’Ishami ry’Ingufu za Tungsten mu Bushinwa igihe kirekire, ubu akaba ari Perezida Mukuru w’Ishyirahamwe ry’Ingufu za Zhuzhou Hard Alloy akaba n’umwarimu watumiwe muri Kaminuza y’Ikoranabuhanga ya Hunan. Afite ubumenyi bwimbitse kandi bw’igihe kirekire ku nganda. Ukurikije amakuru ye, bigaragara ko umusaruro w’ingufu za hard alloy ku rwego rw’igihugu wiyongereye uva kuri toni 16.000 mu 2005 ugera kuri toni 52.000 mu 2021, bikaba byikubye inshuro 3.3, bingana na 50% by’umubare wose w’isi. Amafaranga yose yinjira mu mikorere y’ingufu za hard alloy yazamutse ava kuri miliyari 8.6 z’amayuan mu 2005 agera kuri miliyari 34.6 z’amayuan mu 2021, bikaba byikubye inshuro enye; ikoreshwa ku isoko ry’ibisubizo byo gutunganya imashini mu Bushinwa ryiyongereye uva kuri miliyari 13.7 z’amayuan mu
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-01-2020
